Find Nearest Neighbors Using KNN Search Block - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks Deutschland (2024)

Since R2023b

This example uses:

  • Statistics and Machine Learning ToolboxStatistics and Machine Learning Toolbox
  • SimulinkSimulink

Open Live Script

This example shows how to use the KNN Search block to determine nearest neighbors in Simulink®. The block accepts a query point and returns the k nearest neighbor points in the observational data using a nearest neighbor searcher object (ExhaustiveSearcher or KDTreeSearcher). To complete this example, you can use the provided Simulink model, or create a new model.

Create Searcher Object

Load the Fisher iris data set. Create a numeric matrix X that contains two petal measurements for 150 irises.

load fisheririsX = meas(:,3:4); 

Create an ExhaustiveSearcher nearest neighbor searcher object.

searcher = ExhaustiveSearcher(X);

Open Provided Simulink Model

This example provides the Simulink model slexKNNSearchExample.slx, which includes the KNN Search block. You can open the Simulink model or create a new model as described in the next section.

Open the Simulink model slexKNNSearchExample.slx.

open_system("slexKNNSearchExample")

Find Nearest Neighbors Using KNN Search Block- MATLAB & Simulink- MathWorks Deutschland (1)

If you open the Simulink model, then the software runs the code in the PreLoadFcn callback function before loading the Simulink model. The PreLoadFcn callback function of slexKNNSearchExample includes code to check if your workspace contains the searcher variable for the trained model. If the workspace does not contain the variable, PreLoadFcn loads the sample data, creates the nearest neighbor searcher object, and creates an input signal (query points) for the Simulink model. To view the callback function, in the Setup section on the Modeling tab, click Model Settings and select Model Properties. Then, on the Callbacks tab, select the PreLoadFcn callback function in the Model callbacks pane.

Create Simulink Model

To create a new Simulink model, open the Blank Model template and add the KNN Search block from the Cluster Analysis section of the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ library.

Double-click the KNN Search block to open the Block Parameters dialog box. Import a nearest neighbor searcher object into the block by specifying the name of a workspace variable that contains the object. The default variable name is searcher, which is the object you created at the command line. The Selected Nearest Neighbor Searcher section of the dialog box displays the search method of the searcher object.

Select the Add output port for nearest neighbor distances check box to add the second output port D. Enter 2 in the Number of nearest neighbors text box to search for the two nearest neighbors to each query point. The distance metric is already set to the default value euclidean. Click OK.

Find Nearest Neighbors Using KNN Search Block- MATLAB & Simulink- MathWorks Deutschland (2)

Add an Inport block and connect it to the input of the KNN Search block, then add two Outport blocks and connect them to the outputs of the KNN Search block. Click the Outport 1 block and set the block name to indices. Similarly, set the Outport 2 block name to distances.

To specify that the output signals have the same length as the input signal, double-click the Inport block and set Sample time to 1 on the Execution tab of the Inport dialog box. Click OK.

At the command line, create a set of query points in the form of a matrix. Each row contains a query point, and each column contains a measurement variable value.

Xquery = [3.8 1.4; 6.3 2.5; 2.1 0.5]; % Define three query points

Create an input signal in the form of a structure array for the Simulink model. The structure array must contain these fields:

  • time — The points in time at which the query points enter the model. The orientation must correspond to the query points in the Xquery matrix. In this example, time must be a column vector.

  • signals — A 1-by-1 structure array describing the input query points and containing the fields values and dimensions, where values is a matrix of measurement values, and dimensions is the number of measurement variables.

Create an appropriate structure array for nearest neighbor queries.

modelInput.time = (0:length(Xquery)-1)';modelInput.signals(1).values = Xquery;modelInput.signals(1).dimensions = size(Xquery,2);

Import the signal data from the workspace:

  • Open the Configuration Parameters dialog box in Simulink. In the Setup section of the Modeling tab, click the top half of the Model Settings button.

  • In the Data Import/Export pane, select the Input check box and enter modelInput in the adjacent text box.

  • In the Solver pane, under Simulation time, set Stop time to modelInput.time(end). Under Solver selection, set Type to Fixed-step, and set Solver to discrete (no continuous states). These settings enable the model to run the simulation for each query point in modelInput. Click OK.

For more details, see Load Signal Data for Simulation (Simulink).

Save the model as slexKNNSearchExample.slx in Simulink.

Simulate Model

Simulate the model.

simOut = sim("slexKNNSearchExample");

When the Inport block detects a query point, it directs the point into the KNN Search block. You can use the Simulation Data Inspector (Simulink) to view the logged data of the Outport blocks.

Export the simulated nearest neighbor point indices and distances to the workspace.

Ind_sig = simOut.yout.getElement(1);Index_val = squeeze(Ind_sig.Values.Data); distance_sig = simOut.yout.getElement(2);D_val = distance_sig.Values.Data;

Visualize Query Points and Nearest Neighbors

Create a scatter plot of the observational data points. Plot the query points and the nearest neighbor points for each query point.

gscatter(X(:,1),X(:,2),species)axis equalhold onplot(Xquery(:,1),Xquery(:,2),"kx",Markersize=10,Linewidth=2)plot(X(Index_val,1),X(Index_val,2),"ro",Markersize=10)legend("setosa","versicolor","virginica","query point", ..."neighbor","Location","southeast")hold off

Find Nearest Neighbors Using KNN Search Block- MATLAB & Simulink- MathWorks Deutschland (3)

See Also

KNN Search | createns | knnsearch | ExhaustiveSearcher | KDTreeSearcher

Related Topics

  • Predict Class Labels Using MATLAB Function Block
Find Nearest Neighbors Using KNN Search Block
- MATLAB & Simulink
- MathWorks Deutschland (2024)

FAQs

How do I find my neighbors on KNN? ›

How Does the K-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm Work?
  1. Step #1 - Assign a value to K.
  2. Step #2 - Calculate the distance between the new data entry and all other existing data entries (you'll learn how to do this shortly). ...
  3. Step #3 - Find the K nearest neighbors to the new entry based on the calculated distances.
Jan 25, 2023

How do you find the nearest neighbor point in Matlab? ›

Idx = knnsearch( X , Y ) finds the nearest neighbor in X for each query point in Y and returns the indices of the nearest neighbors in Idx , a column vector.

What is the code for K nearest neighbor classification in Matlab? ›

Mdl = fitcknn( Tbl , Y ) returns a k-nearest neighbor classification model based on the predictor variables in the table Tbl and response array Y . Mdl = fitcknn( X , Y ) returns a k-nearest neighbor classification model based on the predictor data X and response Y .

What is the KNN classifier for nearest neighbor? ›

The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is a popular machine learning technique used for classification and regression tasks. It relies on the idea that similar data points tend to have similar labels or values. During the training phase, the KNN algorithm stores the entire training dataset as a reference.

How to choose k for k-nearest neighbor? ›

The choice of k will largely depend on the input data as data with more outliers or noise will likely perform better with higher values of k. Overall, it is recommended to have an odd number for k to avoid ties in classification, and cross-validation tactics can help you choose the optimal k for your dataset.

How do you find the nearest neighbor algorithm? ›

These are the steps of the algorithm:
  1. Initialize all vertices as unvisited.
  2. Select an arbitrary vertex, set it as the current vertex u. ...
  3. Find out the shortest edge connecting the current vertex u and an unvisited vertex v.
  4. Set v as the current vertex u. ...
  5. If all the vertices in the domain are visited, then terminate.

What is the KNN nearest neighbor graph? ›

The k-nearest neighbors graph (k-NNG) is a graph in which two vertices p and q are connected by an edge, if the distance between p and q is among the k-th smallest distances from p to other objects from P.

How do you find the nearest in MATLAB? ›

y = nearest( a ) rounds fi object a to the nearest integer or, in case of a tie, to the nearest integer in the direction of positive infinity, and returns the result in fi object y .

What is nearest neighbor interpolation in MATLAB? ›

Nearest neighbor interpolation. This method sets the value of an interpolated point to the value of the nearest data point. Natural neighbor interpolation. This method sets the value of an interpolated point to a weighted average of the nearest data points.

What is the formula for the nearest neighbor classifier? ›

The k-nearest neighbor classifier fundamentally relies on a distance metric. The better that metric reflects label similarity, the better the classified will be. The most common choice is the Minkowski distance dist(x,z)=(d∑r=1|xr−zr|p)1/p.

What is K in nearest neighbors? ›

KNN is a supervised learning algorithm mainly used for classification problems, whereas K-Means (aka K-means clustering) is an unsupervised learning algorithm. K in K-Means refers to the number of clusters, whereas K in KNN is the number of nearest neighbors (based on the chosen distance metric).

How does the K nearest neighbors KNN algorithm work? ›

The kNN algorithm works as a supervised learning algorithm, meaning it is fed training datasets it memorizes. It relies on this labeled input data to learn a function that produces an appropriate output when given new unlabeled data. This enables the algorithm to solve classification or regression problems.

What is KNN nearest neighbor regression? ›

In the context of regression, KNN is often referred to as “K-Nearest Neighbors Regression” or “KNN Regression.” It's a simple and intuitive algorithm that makes predictions by finding the K nearest data points to a given input and averaging their target values (for numerical regression) or selecting the majority class ...

How do I find my Neighbours on nextdoor app? ›

For privacy purposes, Nextdoor doesn't offer a map or list of neighbors' names or addresses. You can, however, search for specific neighbors by name, or see a list of people you might know nearby. If you have a concern about moderation in your neighborhood, you can contact Nextdoor support.

How can I find the names of my neighbors? ›

That said, you can use Whitepages.com to find your neighbor's names. Once you have that information, you can do all sorts of searches for them online. It's like an electronic version of the old White Pages you'd get delivered to your house.

What is the formula for k-nearest neighbor? ›

The k-nearest neighbor classifier fundamentally relies on a distance metric. The better that metric reflects label similarity, the better the classified will be. The most common choice is the Minkowski distance dist(x,z)=(d∑r=1|xr−zr|p)1/p.

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